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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017
GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators
Sep 18, 2019
BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising...
Adolescent Adult Age Distribution Aged Aged 80 and over Child Child Preschool Disabled Persons Environmental Exposure Female Global Burden of Disease Global Health Health Risk Behaviors Humans Infant Infant Newborn Life Expectancy Male Metabolic Diseases Middle Aged Occupational Diseases occupational exposure Quality-Adjusted Life Years Risk Assessment Sex Distribution Socioeconomic Factors Young Adult
Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017
GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators
Feb 01, 2019
BACKGROUND: Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated...
Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories
GBD 2017 SDG Collaborators
Sep 18, 2019
BACKGROUND: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on...
Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950-2017
GBD 2017 Population and Fertility Collaborators
Sep 18, 2019
BACKGROUND: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of...
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017
GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators
Feb 08, 2019
BACKGROUND: How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and...
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017
BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and...
Adolescent Adult Age Distribution Aged Aged 80 and over Child Child Preschool Disabled Persons Female Global Burden of Disease Global Health Humans Incidence Infant Infant Newborn Life Expectancy Male Middle Aged Morbidity prevalence Sex Distribution Socioeconomic Factors Wounds and Injuries Young Adult
The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
GBD 2017 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Collaborators
Apr 18, 2019
BACKGROUND: Efforts to quantify the global burden of enteric fever are valuable for understanding the health lost and the large-scale spatial distribution of the disease. We present the estimates of typhoid and paratyphoid fever...
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Cause of Death Child Child Preschool Disabled Persons Female Global Burden of Disease Humans Incidence Infant Life Expectancy Male Mass Vaccination Middle Aged Paratyphoid Fever Quality-Adjusted Life Years Risk Factors Salmonella enterica Sanitation Typhoid Fever Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines Young Adult
Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990-2016
GBD 2016 Dementia Collaborators
Feb 08, 2019
BACKGROUND: The number of individuals living with dementia is increasing, negatively affecting families, communities, and health-care systems around the world. A successful response to these challenges requires an accurate...
Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990-2016
GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators
Sep 18, 2019
BACKGROUND: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to...
Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015
GBD 2015 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators. Electronic address: cjlm@uw.edu, GBD 2015 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators
Dec 12, 2017
BACKGROUND: National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality)....
Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries
GBD 2015 SDG Collaborators
Nov 21, 2017
BACKGROUND: In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33...
SCORE2-OP risk prediction algorithms
AIMS: The aim of this study was to derive and validate the SCORE2-Older Persons (SCORE2-OP) risk model to estimate 5- and 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals aged over 70 years in four geographical risk...
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015
BACKGROUND: Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from...
Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980-2015
GBD 2015 Child Mortality Collaborators
Nov 30, 2017
BACKGROUND: Established in 2000, Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG4) catalysed extraordinary political, financial, and social commitments to reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. At the country level...
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults.
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
Jul 18, 2019
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most...
Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016
GBD 2016 Mortality Collaborators
Oct 03, 2018
BACKGROUND: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause...
Adolescent Adult Age Distribution Aged Aged 80 and over Birth Rate Cause of Death Child Child Preschool Educational Status Female Global Burden of Disease Global Health HIV Infections Humans Infant Infant Newborn Life Expectancy Male Middle Aged Socioeconomic Factors Stillbirth Survival Rate Young Adult
Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015
GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators
Nov 21, 2017
BACKGROUND: Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a...
Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015
GBD 2015 Maternal Mortality Collaborators
Nov 30, 2017
BACKGROUND: In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success...
Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
Jul 18, 2019
BACKGROUND: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and...
Use of multidimensional item response theory methods for dementia prevalence prediction
GBD 2019 Dementia Collaborators
Oct 11, 2021
BACKGROUND: Data sparsity is a major limitation to estimating national and global dementia burden. Surveys with full diagnostic evaluations of dementia prevalence are prohibitively resource-intensive in many settings. However...
A century of trends in adult human height.
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
Feb 11, 2019
Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for...
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
Jun 18, 2018
BACKGROUND: Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and...
Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight.
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
May 10, 2021
From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much...
THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18
Stephen Ph Alexander, Arthur Christopoulos, Anthony P Davenport, Eamonn Kelly, Neil V Marrion, John A Peters, Elena Faccenda, Simon D Harding, Adam J Pawson, Joanna L Sharman, Christopher Southan, Jamie A Davies, CGTP Collaborators
Nov 16, 2017
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18 provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to an open access...
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